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Mount Washington
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In 1852 investor Sylvester Marsh got lost on Mount Washington and wanted an easy way to get down, so he invented the world's first cog railway. |
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What's a cog railway? A train that is propelled up a steep slope not by power to its wheels (which would slip and slide on the 37% grade) but by a big-toothed cog wheel underneath the engine. The teeth in the cog wheel fit into a track between the rails that has holes for the cog's teeth. Tooth by tooth, the cog and track take the locomotive and its one passenger car up the steep slope. The Mount Washington Cog Railway, six miles east of the Base Station Restaurant in Fabyan on US 302 (two miles northwest of Bretton Woods) was a difficult construction project and an engineering marvel. Lots of people laughed at Marsh as a crazy dreamer, but on July 3, 1869, "Old Peppersass," a primitive steam engine with a vertical boiler, toiled the 3.1 miles (5 km) up the side of the mountain to the summit. Marsh's dream had come true 17 years after he got lost on the mountain. Later refinements reoriented the locomotive's boiler to a tilted-horizontal position (so that it would be more perfectly horizontal as it climbed the steep slope), but the engineering of the railway is essentially the same: a coal-fired locomotive pushes one passenger car—which is not connected to the locomotive—up the mountain. On the return trip from the summit to the base station, the locomotive goes down first, staying a few feet in front of the passenger car as a safety, but the car's descent is controlled by a brakeman who stands in the car at its lower end and turns several brake wheels to increase or retard the car's speed depending upon the slope of the track. As on the ascent, the car is not connected to the locomotive at all. It's great fun to ride the cog railway to the summit, walk around for a bit, have a drink or light meal in the visitor center at the summit, then descend. Many days there is not much of a view because of Mount Washington's awful weather, but if you are so lucky as to ascend on a clear day, the panorama is spectacular. The round trip, including 20 minutes at the summit, takes about three hours total. According to the cog railway's owners, the century-old locomotives will soon be converted to diesel power in order to eliminate the gigantic plumes of dark coal smoke that belch from the boilers on ascent. Cleaner-burning fuel will remove a noxious pollutant from the White Mountains' refreshing air, but with it a bit of living 19th-century technological history will end forever. Mount Washington Cog Railway, Tel 603-278-5404 or 800-922-8825. |
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A locomotive gets up steam to push a passenger car to the summit of Mount Washington.
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